Major active project.

Introduction

Housing markets are where exclusion mechanisms become visible and measurable. Some are prejudice-driven, such as landlords and agents screening by name, photograph, or biographical detail. Some are economically rational at the individual level but produce identical group-level effects, as when incumbents protect a scarce local resource from outsiders. Some operate through the housing supply itself such as planning constraints, greenbelt rules, the gap between elastic in-migration and inelastic stock. My work treats housing as the test ground on which these mechanisms can be measured and compared, and asks how their spatial pattern turns individual-level decisions into population-level inequality. Discrimination is one mechanism of exclusion in this frame, not the frame itself.

A first cluster of work develops a tripartite framework for distinguishing race-based, symbolic-stigma, and foreignness-based screening in housing markets. The framework separates prejudice-driven gatekeeping from rational in-group resource protection — the latter often produces the same observed gap but responds to different policy levers. A meta-analysis of 54 correspondence-test studies across 22 countries shows that the standard “ethnic-minority” discrimination penalty decomposes meaningfully into these three components, and that anti-discrimination interventions (warning letters, sanctions, customer-side norm-shifting) perform differently across them in randomised field-experimental designs.

A second, newer cluster is a three-year UK programme on housing search, supply, and the spatial incidence of remote work. It builds a family of revealed-demand indices from search-listing data; joins demand to supply to produce a spatial-tightness index; validates the demand signal as a leading indicator of realised prices; and then estimates the housing-cost incidence of remote work, which is a regressive cross-group externality in which high-wage teleworkers’ relocation raises housing costs for non-teleworking locals where supply is inelastic. The capstone integrates these elasticities into a quantitative spatial general-equilibrium model with explicit efficiency-versus-equity accounting; housing-supply elasticity is the policy lever connecting the two halves.

Stages Data and methods Findings Origin-destination search-flow demand analysis Data Rightmove search enquiries Methods Origin-destination search-flow indices A family of search-flow indices Post-2020 demand rose fast and unevenly Searchers crossed city edges but not farther, so distance did not die Spatial housing-market (dis)equilibrium and inequality Data Stage 1 data Rightmove listings supply Methods Tightness (demand / supply) by travel-to-work area Theil index and LISA spatial statistics Tightness inequality fell to 2021, then surged to a 2025 high London and the South-East cooled: real regional divergence Search as a leading indicator of property prices Data Stages 1–2 data HM Land Registry sold prices Methods Fixed-effects lead-lag panel regression Tightness leads property-price changes by one to two years, not the reverse An early-warning signal for prices Incidence of remote work on housing costs and renter displacement Data Stages 1–3 data Occupation teleworkability Local supply elasticity Census tenure Methods Shift-share exposure event study Expected Teleworker inflow raises housing costs on non-teleworking locals where supply is inelastic A regressive cross-group externality Remote work and local labour markets (efficiency channel) Data Stages 1–4 data Census workplace / WFH UKHLS panel Methods Mover event study Local-multiplier regressions Expected Movers keep high-wage city jobs Remote work eases the spatial misallocation of labour: the efficiency gain Quantitative spatial general-equilibrium model: efficiency vs equity Data Stages 1–5 data ONS regional productivity Methods Quantitative spatial general-equilibrium model Welfare accounting Expected One mechanism, two consequences Housing-supply elasticity is the lever balancing efficiency and equity
The three-year programme reads left to right on each row: the stage, its data and methods, and its findings. Data is cumulative; arrows down the left column show the sequence.

The two clusters converge on a common question: how spatial constraints turn individual-level decisions (a landlord’s screening, a teleworker’s relocation) into population-level inequality, using complementary data and methods.

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